What the Numbers on the Periodic Table Mean

Are you confused by all the numbers on a periodic table? Heres a look at what they mean and where to find important elements. Element Atomic Number One number you will find on all periodic tables is the atomic number for each element. This is the number of protons in the element, which defines its identity. How to Identify It: There isnt a standard layout for an element cell, so you need to identify the location of each important number for the specific table. The atomic number is easy because it is an integer that increases as you move from left to right across the table. The lowest atomic number is 1 (hydrogen), while the highest atomic number is 118. Examples: The atomic number of the first element, hydrogen, is 1. The atomic number of copper is 29. Element Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight Most periodic tables include a value for atomic mass (also called atomic weight) on each element tile. For a single atom of an element, this would be a whole number, adding the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons together for the atom. However, the value given in the periodic table is an average of the mass of all isotopes of a given element. While the number of electrons does not contribute significant mass to an atom, isotopes have differing numbers of neutrons, which do affect mass. How to Identify It: The atomic mass is a decimal number. The number of significant figures varies from one table to another. Its common to list values to two or four decimal places. Also, the atomic mass is recalculated from time to time, so this value may change slightly for elements on a recent table compared with an older version. Examples: The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.01 or 1.0079. The atomic mass of nickel is 58.69 or 58.6934. Element Group Many periodic tables list numbers for element groups, which are columns of the periodic table. The elements in a group share the same number of valence electrons and thus have many common chemical and physical properties. However, there wasnt always a standard method of numbering groups, so this can be confusing when consulting older tables. How to Identify It: The number for the element group is cited above the top element of each column. The element group values are integers running from 1 to 18. Examples: Hydrogen belongs to element group 1. Beryllium is the first element in group 2. Helium is the first element in group 18. Element Period The rows of the periodic table are called periods. Most periodic tables do not number them  because they are fairly obvious, but some tables  do. The period indicates the highest energy level attained by electrons of an atom of the element in the ground state. How to Identify It: Period numbers are located on the left-hand side of the table. These are simple integer numbers. Examples: The row starting with hydrogen is 1. The row starting with lithium is 2. Electron Configuration Some periodic tables list the electron configuration of an atom of the element, usually written in shorthand notation to conserve space. Most tables omit this value because it takes up a lot of room. How to Identify It: This isnt a simple number but includes the orbitals. Examples: The electron configuration for hydrogen is 1s1. Other Information on the Periodic Table The periodic table includes other information besides numbers. Now that you know what the numbers mean, you can learn how to predict periodicity of element properties and how to use the periodic table in calculations.

Homeschooling with Dysgraphia

Parents of children with special needs often worry that theyre not qualified to homeschool. They feel that they dont have the knowledge or skill to meet their childs needs. However,  the ability to offer a one-on-one learning environment along with practical accommodations and modifications often makes homeschooling the ideal situation for special needs children.  Ã‚  Dyslexia,  dysgraphia, and dyscalculia are three learning challenges that may be well-suited for a homeschool learning environment. Ive invited Shawna Wingert to discuss the challenges and benefits of homeschooling students with dysgraphia, a learning challenge that impacts a persons ability to write. Shawna writes about motherhood, special needs, and the beauty of everyday messes at Not the Former Things. She is also the author of two books, Everyday Autism and Special Education at Home. What unique challenges do students with dysgraphia and dyslexia face? My oldest son is 13 years old. He started reading when he was only three years old. He is currently taking college-level courses and is quite academically advanced,  yet he struggles to write his full name. My youngest son is 10 years old. He cannot read above a first-grade level and has a dyslexia diagnosis. He participates in many of his older brother’s courses, as long as they are verbal lessons. He is incredibly bright. He, too, struggles to write his full name. Dysgraphia is a learning difference that affects both of my children, not just in their ability to write, but often in their experiences interacting in the world. Dysgraphia is a condition that makes written expression extremely challenging  for children. It is considered a processing disorder – meaning that the brain has trouble with one or more of the steps, and/or the sequencing of the steps, involved in writing a thought down on paper. For example, in order for my oldest son to write, he must first bear the sensory experience of holding a pencil appropriately. After several years and various therapies, he still struggles with this most fundamental aspect of writing. For my youngest, he has to think about what to communicate, and then break that down into words and letters. Both of these tasks take much longer for children with challenges such as dysgraphia and dyslexia than for an average child. Because each step in the writing process takes longer, a child with dysgraphia inevitably struggles to keep up with his peers - and at times, even his own thoughts - as he laboriously puts pen to paper. Even the most basic sentence requires an inordinate amount of thought, patience, and time to write. How and why does  dysgraphia  affect writing? There are many reasons that a child may struggle with effective written communication, including​​: Graphomotor processing  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ trouble with the fine motor coordination required to manipulate a writing instrumentAttention disorders  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ difficulty planning and seeing writing tasks through to completionSpatial ordering  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ challenges in organizing letters and words on the written pageSequential ordering – difficulty in determining the logical order of letters, words, and/or ideasWorking memory – trouble recalling and holding onto the information the writer is trying to communicateLanguage processing – difficulty in using and comprehending language in any format In addition, dysgraphia often occurs in conjunction with other learning differences including dyslexia, ADD/ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder. In our case, it is a combination of several of these difficulties than affect my sons’ written expression. I am often asked, â€Å"How do you know it’s dysgraphia and not just laziness or a lack of motivation?† (Incidentally, I am often asked this type of question about all of my sons’ learning differences, not just dysgraphia.) My answer is usually something like, â€Å"My son has been practicing writing his name since he was four years old. He is thirteen now, and he still wrote it incorrectly when he signed his friend’s cast yesterday. That’s how I know. Well, that and the hours of evaluations he underwent to determine a diagnosis.† What are some of the signs of dysgraphia? Dysgraphia can be difficult to identify in the early elementary school years. It becomes increasingly apparent over time. The most common signs of dysgraphia include: Messy handwriting that is difficult to read  Slow and laborious writing  paceInappropriate spacing of letters and wordsTrouble gripping a writing instrument or maintaining grip over timeDifficulty organizing information when writing These signs can be difficult to assess. For example, my youngest son has great handwriting, but only because he painstakingly works to print every single letter. When he was younger, he would look at the handwriting chart and mirror the letters exactly. He is a natural artist so he works very hard to make sure his writing â€Å"looks nice†. Because of that effort, it can take him much longer to write a sentence than most children his age. Dysgraphia causes understandable frustration. In our experience, it has also caused some social issues, as my sons often feel inadequate with other children. Even something like signing a birthday card causes significant stress. What are some of the strategies for dealing with dysgraphia? As we have become more aware of what dysgraphia is, and how it affects my sons, we have found some effective strategies that help minimize its effects.   Writing in other mediums – Often, my sons are better able to practice the art of written expression when using something other than a pencil. When they were younger, it meant practicing spelling words by writing them in shaving cream on the shower wall. As they grew, they both graduated to using Sharpie markers (making grip much easier) and then finally onto other implements.Allowing larger text – My sons write much larger  than the lines on the college ruled paper in their notepads. Often, they write even larger than the wide ruled paper in their elementary notepads. Allowing larger text size enables them to focus on the sequencing and motor skills associated with writing. Over time, as they have become more comfortable, their written text has become smaller.Occupational therapy – A good occupational therapist knows how to help with pencil grip and the fine motor skills required for writing. We have had success with OT, and I would highly recommend occupationa l therapy as a starting point.Accommodations – Speech-to-text applications and programs, offering additional time for written testing, allowing keyboarding for taking notes, and taking frequent breaks are all accommodations we employ to help my children write more effectively. New technologies have become an invaluable resource for my children, and I am grateful we live in a time where they have access to these types of accommodations. ThoughtCos Eileen Bailey also suggests: Using paper with raised linesBreaking writing assignments into smaller tasksNot penalizing students for spelling or neatness on timed writing assignmentsLooking for fun writing activities   source Dysgraphia is a part of my sons’ lives. It is a constant concern for them, not only in their education, but in their interactions with the world. In order to eliminate any misunderstandings, my children are aware of their dysgraphia diagnoses. They are prepared to explain what it means and ask for help. Unfortunately, all too often there is an assumption that they are lazy and unmotivated, avoiding unwanted work. It is my hope that as more people  learn what dysgraphia is, and more importantly, what it means for those it affects, this will change. In the meantime, I am encouraged that we have found so many ways to help our children learn to write well, and communicate effectively.

1994 Mexican Currency Crisis - 4565 Words

The purpose of this report is to analyse the reasons for, the impact of, and the measures taken in response to the Mexican currency crisis of 1994-1995. The first objective is to assess the reasons for the crisis. Why did Mexico, a once immensely desirable investment destination become the bain of the international financial community following December 1994? The second and chief objective is to assess the impact of the crisis on the foreign exchange and stock markets. The report answers why the crisis adversely affected the Latin American market indices while the US market indices continued to rise. The third objective is to analyse the measures taken in response to the crisis by the Mexican Government and other international†¦show more content†¦The Mexican Government, in protecting its managed float, lost a further US$11billion in reserves over the following month (Joseph Whitt 1996). Throughout 1994, Mexico lost significant amounts of reserves trying to stabilise the exchange rate. In 1989 the current account deficit was US$6 billion; by 1991 it had grown to US$15billion, before swelling to approximately US$20billion 1992 and 1993. However, after losing US$1.5billion in reserves over three days in early December 1994, the Government decided to depreciate the Peso by approximately 15%. Within days the Peso plummeted in value as the Government abandoned its new peg, sending the country into the 1994 Mexico financial crisis (Joseph Whitt 1996). As the Mexican’s government access to the international credit market started to diminish, so did the investors’ confidence in their ability to redeem their investments in government backed Tesobonos bonds. Tesobonos are bonds issued by the Bank of Mexico, marketed predominantly to foreign investors and to be repaid in US$. The dollar denominated bonds which were due to mature in 1995 were unlikely to be repaid in full ($10 billion worth of Tesobonos were to mature in the first quarter of 1995 followed by $19 billion worth before the end of 2005) (JR, 1996 Arner, n.d). These two factors, the devaluation of the exchange rate in conjunction with the impending default ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Economic Impact of the Mexican Peso Crisis1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1994, the world saw the decline of the Mexican Peso, leading to what is now considered as the Mexican Peso Crisis. The crisis was characterized by the drastic decline in the value of the Mexican Peso. The Mexican Peso Crisis is considered significant because of its impact on other parts of the region, including Brazil. The following is a discussion of the causes and impact of the Mexican Peso Crisis. The events/causes that led up to the devaluation of the peso The Mexican Peso Crisis can beRead MoreMexico s A Financial Currency Crisis1677 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1994, Mexico had a financial currency crisis. This event was marked as the Mexico Peso Crisis because the Mexican government had devalued the peso currency against U.S. dollar rate in December 1994. The panic of the crisis required the intervention of United States and International Monetary system to help the economic system from collapsing. Before the start of the crisis, Mexico from 1988 to 1994 enjoyed a surplus of economic achievements. Mexico during that time was going through an economicRead More The Mexican Peso Crisis Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mexican Peso Crisis This paper argues that the Mexican peso crisis of December 20 should have been expected and foreseeable. In the year preceding the crisis, there were several indicators suggesting that the Mexican economy and peso were already under extreme pressure. The economy bubble was ballooning to burst so much so that it was simply a crisis waiting to happen. Evidences Signaling the Crisis 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Decreasing Current Account Deficit versus Increasing Capital Account Balance Read MoreU.s. Foreign Trade Agreements1394 Words   |  6 Pagesto allow foreign capital and foreign direct investment (FDI) to flow into its economy, and the external debt that had been hanging over Mexico’s head since the 1982 balance of payments (BOP) crisis was finally restructured. With the signing of the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on January 1, 1994, a trilateral trade bloc was created in North America between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Foreign trade restrictions were eliminated and commercial agreements with other countriesRead MoreMarket Analysis : Currency Etf1234 Words   |  5 PagesETF s, investors have found it very easy and relatively inexpensive to trade currency ETF s to take advantage of fluctuations between currencies. Currency ETF s are purchased to track most international currencies including the U.S. Dollars, Canadian dolla rs, and Mexican peso. Currency ETF s aim to replicate movements in currency in the foreign exchange market by holding currencies either directly or through currency-denominated short-term debt instruments. Launched in 1996 the iShares MSCI MexicoRead MoreSwot Analysis : Latin America1265 Words   |  6 PagesETFs, investors have found it very easy and relatively inexpensive to trade currency ETFs in order to take advantage of fluctuations between currencies. Currency ETFs can be purchased to track most international currencies including the U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, and Mexican peso. Currency ETFs aim to replicate movements in currency in the foreign exchange market by holding currencies either directly or through currency-denominated short-term debt instruments. Launched in 1996 the iShares MSCIRead MoreThe Origin Of Mexico Financial Crisis1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe origin of Mexico financial crisis In the 1980s, Mexico was undergoing a number of reforms and deregulations that would protect its economy. In 1982, the Mexican government liberalized trade and allowed the international flow of capital into the country so that Mexico can integrate with the developed countries. President Miguel de la Madrid (1982-1988) lifted import tariffs under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). He also facilitated reforms that welcomed direct foreign investmentRead MoreThe Mexican Peso ( Mxn )1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican peso (MXN) was originally based on Spain’s official currency, known as the silver dollar. The Mexican name originated from the 8-genuine coins, made from pure silver, that were issued by Spain from Mexico. It was the first currency to use a distinct border and precise weight to guard against counterfeits, which made it exceptionally well known. The peso had been at 12.5 to 1 dollar for around 22 years, from 1954 to 1976. In 1976, the Mexican peso de creased from 12.5 pesos to 1 dollarRead MoreLeaving Mexico To Fin For Its Self Even With All The Debt1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfin for its self even with all the debt it owes was not part of the United States plans. They organized a way where they not only benefited but help dragged Mexico out of the mess they made. By teaming with two of the most powerful nations in world Mexicans would be able to grab hold or its own country and form a Mexico is a middle-class. businesses. As a result, modern Mexico is a middle-class country (Steffan, 2017). The World Bank estimates that some 95 percent of Mexico s population is in the middleRead MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement1776 Words   |  8 Pagesimplemented January 1, 1994 with the purpose to encourage economic activity among the member countries. At the time, it established the largest free trade region in the world and included the elimination of tariffs, agreements on trades in services, and a dispute settlement mechanism for trade disagreements. NAFTA was highly controversial at the time, with many Canadian and American labor leaders expressing concern that many manufacturing jobs would be relocated to Mexican factories due to the low

Youth Work for Drug and Alcohol Abuse - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theYouth Work for Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Answer: Assessment of co-existing needs There are high rates of mental illness among people suffering from autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, drug and alcohol abuse, physical disabilities, problematic gambling and brain injuries. Therefore, coexisting disorders refers to clients who report mental illness and substance abuse. This part of the assessment will focus on three clients who reported mental disorders along with coexisting needs. The interviews will provide a gateway to the health of the clients. There were three patients. Mr. Borgart was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Mr. Sly was the second client who reported symptoms of severe depression and had made several suicide attempts. Ms. Townsend was the third client suffering from acute psychotic disorder. Mr. Borgart and Mr. Sly were questioned for the interview. Interview 1 (Mr. Borgart) Where are you from? I am from the Logan village in Queensland and 55 years of age. Are you employed? I owned a flower shop. My recent mental illness worsened my condition and I was unable to work properly. Presently, my son looks after my business. Have you ever been to a psychiatric hospital? Yes, I have been admitted to the hospital twice by my son and am currently under medications. What symptoms do you generally manifest? I have become suspicious of my family members and think that my son is trying to poison me. I feel social withdrawal and difficulty to sleep. I often hear strange sounds that instruct me to jump off my terrace. Do these sounds seem real? Oh, yes. Did you try to follow their instructions? Yes, I tried to jump off the terrace but my son saved me. Interview 2 (Mr. Sly) Where are you from? I am from Cabarlah, Queensland and have been living there since birth. Are you employed? I am working as an assistant at a childcare centre. Tell me about the mental issues you face I feel hopeless and irritable all the time. I do not feel the urge to go to work everyday and find it difficult to concentrate and remember details. I often get suicidal ideation and have attempted suicide thrice, but failed to succeed. How is your relationship with family? My family thinks my behavior is normal and did not take any initiative for a doctors appointment. My friends provided me assistance and support and helped me meet a doctor to treat my condition. On interviewing the two clients I realized that Mr. Borgart faces impaired awareness. Although the client knew that he had a most disorder, he sought treatment for it. I found massive denial of the reality of hallucinations to be a primary concern (Barcg and Ceaser 2012). On the other hand, a person does not recovery fromdepressionovernight. Encouragement from family and leads a patient to a healthier lifestyle and assists them to maintain a positive outlook (Levens, Elrahal and Sagui 2016). Family support helps in improving wellness of the patients. Moreover, I realized that it is necessary for the family to recognize the warning signs of suicidal thoughts among such patients to prevent adverse outcomes (Turecki and Brent 2016). Lack of adequate family support worsened Mr. Slys condition. My future actions to achieve the intended goals would be: Approach schools to support education among students with mental illness Create a befriending program with community support to assist patients Develop mass awareness through posters and pamphlets to reduce stigma and discrimination Build collaboration between schools and communities to train peers for providing mental support (Kawakami and Kobayashi 2015) Strength based interventions depend on focusing that that humans have capacity for growth and change. Often people have knowledge needed to define the problems of their situations. This helps in deciphering the potential solutions. Resilience plays another role. In spite of struggling with the reactions of the society and family, mental patients continue with their life and face their struggles. Moreover, people need to be responsible and valued members of a community or group. Individual meetings establish trust and set treatment goals. Collaborative work identifies the strengths and risks of a client and help in formulating therapeutic interventions. Duty of care involves working in a way that will reduce the harm or injury to the patient. The mental health workers are expected to abide by the legal and ethical protocols of the healthcare setting to provide holistic treatment to the patients (Townsend 2014). I realized that one risk factor is in the breakdown of employees in psychiatric treatment. Discrimination of mental patients is another risk factor. The stakeholders such as the government agencies, academic institutions, traditional health workers, consumers, family groups, mental health workers and managers of health services will be sent a written documentation of the data collected to illuminate them on the data that has been collected (Keogh et al. 2017). They will be assured that informed consent had been taken from all clients prior to the interview and their personal information will not be shared to the authorities. Case review An interview was conducted for two clients suffering from schizophrenia and depression disorder respectively. Upon questioning it was found that there were several barriers that prevented improvement of their outcomes. The primary barrier n the first patient was the presence of hallucinations and suspicion that made him mistrust his son and follow the auditory instructions, which could lead to adverse outcomes. The second patient does not receive family support and this acts a major barrier to treatment compliance. The patients would require extensive psychotherapy medications and collaboration between the community and health organizations would improve their symptoms. Homelessness is defined by an extreme stage of poverty where the individual is living with the instability of housing and insufficiency of income (Chamberlain, Johnson and Robinson 2014). However, some of them are termed as Under Housers or who are at the risk of homelessness (Flatau et al. 2013). Here, in this assessment, interview with three of such people were conducted where these people were at the risk of homelessness or were suffering from it. These people are Yohana (23) who is a former worker of a cake factory in Sydney, Ryan (25)Construction worker, and Will (30) unemployed and thrown out of his own house. Interview 1 (Yohana) Where are you from? How did you ended up been here? Goulburn. I used to live there with my uncle untilI finished my high school.I came here in Sydney and started working as a labour in the cake factory, because I did not had any higher study degree. Further, due to peer pressure I started taking drugs. This hampered my work in the factory and hence, my boss fired me from my job. My uncle also refused to accept me in his house. Do you feel safe on the streets of the Sydney? Yes. However, I have been attacked several times violently; the Sydney police have helped me to survive on the streets of the Sydney. Did you ever felt gender or cultural discrimination? Yes, I feel it every day. People taunt me; tease me due to my gender. I have been attacked due to my race or cultural background. Why do not you go to the shelter housed provided by the government? I went to that but the environment was not good for me. People were discriminating me because of my gender and race. Therefore, I decided to stay in this central park Street. Interview 2 (Ryan) Where are you from? How did you ended up been here? I am from Sydney and I am working in a construction place as a labour. I live on the streets of the Sydney with my mother. We are poor and the daily wages I get from my job is not enough for me to rent a house in Sydney. Do you feel safe on the streets of the Sydney? No. my mother and I live in fear on the streets of this city. Robbers have tried to steal our belongings. Did you ever felt gender or cultural discrimination? Yes for my mother, it is difficult to stay alone on the streets. We are aboriginals and therefore people discriminate with us. Why do not you go to the shelter housed provided by the government? I went to that place, but people over there did not accepted us, therefore I left that place. Currently I live nearby my construction site. Interview 3 (Will) Where are you from? How did you end up here? I stay in Sydney in a rented place. I used to work in a garage but due to the death of the owner, the garage has been closed. Now I am about to lose my rented place and therefore, I am on the verge of homelessness. Are you looking for other Jobs? Yes. However, no one is ready to offer me a job because of my drinking habits and my race. Can you afford another place? No. I used to get very less wages. Therefore, I do not have any savings. What will you do if you become homeless? I am very afraid. I am trying to search a job as soon as possible. However, if I become homeless I will go to the Shelter homes provided by the government. I hope people over there will be friendly and genuine. Assessment from these interviews From the above three interviews, where two of them were homeless and one was about to lost his shelter has mentioned several aspect of this homelessness (Tsemberis, Kent and Respress 2012). Each homeless people said that, they are facing gender, cultural and racial discrimination. The government shelters are not enough to provide them security and safety. It is quite evident from the interview that poverty is the only reason of their homelessness. They were taught about the rules and regulations that have been made by the government to fulfill their basic needs (Krausz et al. 2013). Role of the stakeholders The stakeholders such as the local government, police, health department, shelter house workers, their former employers and the existing family members will be informed about their state in a written document (Berwick, Nolan and Whittington 2017). Their situations would not be disclosed, however, they would be informed about the risk factors they are suffering from. These informations will be stored securely and the Australian human rights will be informed about the issue to provide these homeless people with their basic needs (Guerrero, Henwood and Wenzel 2014). One of the greatest challenges that the youth of the current age is facing is the unavoidable inclination of the youth to the substance and alcohol abuse. The rate of young adults inclined to the substance abuse has spiked considerably in the past year and the number continues to rise further. According to the recent statistics close to 500000 young adults of Australia are living at the risk of addiction (Lea et al. 2015). That is the reason the Australian department of health has taken into consideration the importance of preventative and promotional health program for the addicted youth, and the division of AOD is devoted entirely to promoting and facilitating the health and wellbeing of the Australian youth who have been devoured by addiction (Hilarski 2013). As a youth worker myself, the policies and practice protocols of the AOD have been extremely helpful in guiding me in the process of handling the clients and helping them towards a better life path. For instance, the policy protocol of the AOD mandates opting for the systems thinking approach while handling the clients. Now it has to be mentioned in this context that the AOD sector considerably takes into account the problems of a addicted individual in the context of homelessness. Drawing example from my own personal experience, two of my clients that I have interviewed had been young and homeless along being addicted to alcohol and drugs respectively. However, according to the framework of AOD, alcohol or drug abuse is a complex behavior, and there are various internal and external risk factors associated with the issue of homelessness and abuse, and while eliciting information about the clients one this sensitive issues critical thinking skills need to employed like compassionate and persuasive questioning, listening approach and complex risk assessment (Ewer et al. 2015). As a youth worker, one of the greatest restrictive challenges that I have seen the young addicts face is the shame and discrimination according to the practice standards of the AOD, the assessment procedure needs to employ non-discriminating and non-judgmental approach. Judgmental approach can often be interpreted as insulting or patronizing to the clients which in turn can contribute to growing resilience and non-compliance. Hence, I ensured maintaining professional boundaries while assessing or working with the clients so that my approach did not appear as judgmental to the clients. Another very important requirement for a youth worker is to make the client comfortable in the care facility which will not only restore the mental health of the client but also incorporates a sense of safety and wellbeing (Davis and Kelly 2012). In order to do so, I have attempted to facilitate acceptance of the condition of client in my approach and have taken efforts to assess his situation without contradicting is personal beliefs or values. A key sector in the AOD framework is promoting self determination of the client while motivating him to recover from the addiction. In my own experience as a youth worker I have observed clients investing higher efforts in trying to implement the preventative strategies to avoid alcohol or drugs when they have actively participated in designing those strategies. Hence, I have tried to involve my clients more into the decision making procedure of care planning so that they understand the severity of their own issues and foresee the impact that the preventative strategies can make. Client centeredness is an extremely important aspect of youth work as the strategies implemented for one person might not yield any result for another. For instance, one of my client had been an orphan slum worker with alcohol addiction and anger management issues, while the other had been a drug addict who had gone astray from a considerably good socio-economic background. For both of them I have employed a client centered approach fr each of them taking into account the specific needs and the specific triggers leading them, to the present condition while planning their care (Health.gov.au. 2017). The legislative guidelines of the AOD sector of Australia, client privacy and confidentiality needs to be maintained at all circumstances. In my own practice I have attempted to maintain the confidentially of the clients optimally while informing the key stakeholders about their situation and the risk factors they are under. However, as some of the information shraed by th client needs to be conveyed so that necessary care actions can be taken. Hence, I have also ensured that the client signed a permission to exchange information consent form. Although I have taken optimal care to ensure that minimal and unavoidable information is shared and the private information are maintained in a secure manner (Brown et al. 2016). References Barch, D.M. and Ceaser, A., 2012. Cognition in schizophrenia: core psychological and neural mechanisms.Trends in cognitive sciences,16(1), pp.27-34. Berwick, D.M., Nolan, T.W. and Whittington, J., 2017. The triple aim: care, health, and cost.Health affairs. Brown, A., Rice, S.M., Rickwood, D.J. and Parker, A.G., 2016. Systematic review of barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with mental health care among at?risk young people.Asia?Pacific Psychiatry,8(1), pp.3-22. Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. and Robinson, C. eds., 2014.Homelessness in Australia. UNSW Press.https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=gfKLBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT8dq=homelessness+in+australiaots=k-N_VG31whsig=4sybq1qQfqwgKMWWC9NnSlwE_bY#v=onepageq=homelessness%20in%20australiaf=false Davis, C. and Kelly, J., 2012. Risk-taking, harm and help-seeking: Reported by young people in treatment at a youth alcohol and drug counselling service.Youth Studies Australia,31(4), p.35. Ewer, P.L., Teesson, M., Sannibale, C., Roche, A. and Mills, K.L., 2015. The prevalence and correlates of secondary traumatic stress among alcohol and other drug workers in Australia.Drug and alcohol review,34(3), pp.252-258. Flatau, P., Conroy, E., Spooner, C., Edwards, R., Eardley, T. and Forbes, C., 2013. Lifetime and intergenerational experiences of homelessness in Australia. Guerrero, E.G., Henwood, B. and Wenzel, S.L., 2014. Service integration to reduce homelessness in Los Angeles County: Multiple stakeholder perspectives.Human Services Organizations Management, Leadership Governance,38(1), pp.44-54. Health.gov.au. (2017).Department of Health | Module 11: young people and drugs - issues for workers. [online] Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/phd-pub-illicit-tfwi11-cnt.htm [Accessed 5 Nov. 2017]. Hilarski, M.C., 2013.Addiction, assessment, and treatment with adolescents, adults, and families. Routledge. Kawakami, N. and Kobayashi, Y., 2015. Increasing Worker Participation: The Mental Health Action Checklist. InDerailed Organizational Interventions for Stress and Well-Being(pp. 175-182). Springer Netherlands. Keogh, B., Skrster, I., Doyle, L., Ellil, H., Jormfeldt, H., Lahti, M., Higgins, A., Meade, O., Sitvast, J., Stickley, T. and Kilkku, N., 2017. Working with Families Affected by Mental Distress: Stakeholders' Perceptions of Mental Health Nurses Educational Needs.Issues in Mental Health Nursing,38(10), pp.822-828. Krausz, R.M., Clarkson, A.F., Strehlau, V., Torchalla, I., Li, K. and Schuetz, C.G., 2013. Mental disorder, service use, and barriers to care among 500 homeless people in 3 different urban settings.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,48(8), pp.1235-1243. Lea, T., Bryant, J., Ellard, J., Howard, J. and Treloar, C., 2015. Young people at risk of transitioning to injecting drug use in Sydney, Australia: social disadvantage and other correlates of higher levels of exposure to injecting.Health social care in the community,23(2), pp.200-207. Levens, S.M., Elrahal, F. and Sagui, S.J., 2016. The role of family support and perceived stress reactivity in predicting depression in college freshman.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,35(4), pp.342-355. 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